June 2009

Digestive

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Components:

Oral cavity: parts> lips, cheeks, palate, tongue, gums, teeth and salivary glands.

Pharynx: membrane is a muscular organ, shaped like elongated sac, extending from the nares and the root of the tongue to the entrance of the esophagus and larynx. It's a camera in the form funnel, has a respiratory function as well as digestive.

Esophagus: transports food from the pharynx to the stomach.

Stomach: is a dilation, in a sac, the digestive tract. Located inside the box or chest cavity, interposed between the esophagus and small intestine. Presents one side wall and a visceral (greater curvature and lesser curvature, respectively).

Intestine: begins at the pylorus and continues to the anus. Divided into small and large intestine. The boundary between the two is very evident by the presence of a diverticulum sac ended, the blind, the origin of the large intestine.

v Small intestine : duodenum, jejunum and ileum (the latter two supported by the mesentery)

> duodenum: is short, firmly strapped to the roof of the abdomen by a short mesoduodenum.

> jejunum: handles or flexures is supported by the leading mesoyeyuno vessels and nerves.

> ileum: is the terminal portion of the small intestine that has dual subject peritoneal and joined by an edge to the mesentery and the other to the blind through ileocecal ligament.

v intestine : cecum, colon and rectum.

> blind: is a segment of bowel that is caused at the junction of the ileum and colon. Acquires particular characteristics in relation to feeding.

> colon: is smooth and is suspended along its length by a colon meso quite long. Identified in three parts: ascending colon, transverse colon and descending colon.

> straight: then the descending colon. It is located in the cavity p

elviana and runs more or less straight. Contained fecal matter is eliminated through the anus.

glands:

Liver: is located in the cranial abdominal region contact with the diaphragm and stomach. P roduce bile which is eliminated in the duodenum. Receives most of its blood supply through the portal vein. Is divided into lobes:

> medial: further divided into left and right.

> side: left and right .

> papillary process.

> caudate: is related to the right kidney.

Pancreas: is located between the spleen, stomach and duodenum . After the death of the enzymes it contains are released and self digestion occurs. Is lobed and its shape varies in different species.

particular species:

Guinea Pig:

dental Formula: 2 (I: 1 / 1, C: 0 / 0, Pr: 1 / 1, M: 3 / 3) = 20 teeth.

in your abdomen can be seen a large intestinal mass.

Duodenum: on the right side at the pylorus. Form a loop between parties whose places the pancreas, well developed.

The cecum and colon are highly developed because of their fibrous diet.

Blind: features 2 tapeworms.

Rat:

Dental Formula: canines has not , so that between the incisors and molars have a big empty space.

hemiarcade A: 2 (I: 1 / 1, C: 0 / 0, Pr: 0 / 0, M: 3 / 3) = 16 teeth in total.

rats have well developed incisors and molars. The incisors grow continuously throughout life and should therefore keep its size constant gnawing hard foods or objects, and thanks to the friction of these teeth with the other. The lingual surface of the upper incisors is located on the lower labial.

the blind do not have as developed as the rabbit or guinea pig.

Rabbit It differs from its rodent dental formula.

dental formula: hemiarcade A: 2 (I: 2 / 1, C: 0 / 0, D: 3 / 2, M: 3 / 3) = 28 teeth in total.

Blind: Most of the abdomen is occupied by the blind, which is highly developed and has a variety of bacterial flora acting on fibrous foods. Spiral is in a position ventral (the thickest) and a thinner (vermiform appendix, location: left lateral dorsal). Its surface is saccule (presented sacculations or haustral) due to the presence of tapeworms. In the lesser curvature of the blind identify the ileum and the beginning of the colon. It can also distinguish the duodeno colic joins the duodenum to the colon.

Defecation: produce two types of stool: one comes from the blind, is generated after 4 to 8 hours of ingestion and ingested directly from the anus. The other type is dry and produce 1 to 4 hours after ingestion of the above. These are not re ingested.

Female Reproductive and Endocrine System Nervous System

The nervous system can be divided into central and peripheral.
The CNS is comprised of the brain (forebrain, midbrain and cerebellum) and spinal cord. The SN are Peripheral sensory and motor innervation to pass to members and organs (including organs and skeletal muscles of the head). Sensory and motor nerves of the PNS are covered by cranial and spinal.

To open the skull, we must first separate the head of the body. In the prone animal makes a cut with scissors cross dorsally in the cervical region, either cranially of the head. Once you cut the backbone proceed to cut the muscles and skin that remains to separla. Clean the back of the neck, completely removing the atlas to see the foramen magnum. For this we introduce the scissors being careful not to cut the cerebellum. We make a few cuts on the sides by cutting the parietal and the medial dorsal part of the skull (from caudal to rostral) separating the frontal bone by suturing interfrontal. Forcing up front to get them out and expose the brain.
rostral bow our head and we pliers separating the brain from the skull base to see the optic nerves, which cut off to remove it completely. If we are careful we can get also the olfactory bulbs.