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Cardiorespiratory

To reach the chest cavity sagittal incisions made two from the neck to the second rib flow at the diaphragm.

• After two lateral incisions were made and stood up the "shell" to expose the chest cavity. This procedure is easily done with a scalpel because the ribs are not very strong. We have observed a scam involved.




• We removed the thymus and then cut the pericardium. The pericardium is found around the heart and was easy to remove
  

lungs are bulky with large numbers of lobes:

In this picture the lungs are dilated

The right lung whose length is about 10 cm is divided into lobes: cranial, medial, caudal and accessory

and the left lung with a length of approximately 8 cm lobes on cranial and caudal.

The lungs of the rabbit seems to wrap around the heart. The functional significance of this specialty is that when the rabbit is running, the lungs act as a shock to the heart, to keep it in place and protect from injury. Since rabbits must make quick movements, it is imperative that their hearts are protected during locomotion.




The heart is large and found slightly to the left of the center of the chest cavity. Leans against the sternum, and is protected by fat and lungs. The apex of the heart is oriented later. Also identified the aorta.









Heart Facts:

• weighs 8-14g => 1 / 300 of body weight is 3.5 - 4 cm
  


• its shape is more narrow, the globose phenomenon of carnivores



• is located more cranially than in other domestic mammals (áreacardíaca : 2 nd - 5 th rib).



• supported almost entirely on the sternum and diaphragm away
  

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Rabbit Rat Cardiorespiratory System

The thoracic cavity contains the great vessels, heart and lungs, and some smaller structures.


To expose the contents of the chest cavity, we used a scalpel and made a transverse incision to the xiphoid process the sternum, to avoid cutting into the abdominal cavity. It also makes an incision caudal to the ribs attached to the sternum and ran down the right side of the ventral side of the chest to the left ventral thorax. Then two incisions were made from both sides (right and left), until it reached the clavicles. Finally, cut by the zone above the clavicles. The opening was made approximately 5 cm wide.

glands associated with the Cervical Region

References:

1-2-
Lacrimal Gland Parotid Gland: A salivary gland located just below the ear
3-mandibular gland: Located ventral to the angle of the jaw
4-lymph nodes, they are part of the lymphatic system and are one of the sites where lymphocytes develop
5-Sublingual gland: salivary gland found below the tongue.

• After removing the left lung, we could see in dorsal aorta and esophagus
  

As

• in most mammals, in rat heart apex is oriented ventrally.
  

Before cutting the center to examine the anatomy, we had to first remove the fat from the pericardium. are lower in fat that surrounds the heart deep in the thymus, this is necessary to cushion and protect heart.
The left cranial vena cava receives the veins of the thorax and the azygos vein and travels ventral to the aortic arch and root of the lung to reach the right atrium. The circulation through the heart of rats is similar to that of any other mammal.

deoxygenated blood enters the right atrium through the cranial vena cava, the inferior vena cava, and left cranial vena cava. Once in the right atrium, deoxygenated blood flows into the right ventricle, and then goes through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs to be oxygenated. The new oxygenated blood from the lungs goes to the atrium through the left pulmonary veins. Of the left atrium, blood flows into the left ventricle and the aortic arch to be distributed to the body.

Rat Heart

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digital anatomical Atlas bioterio

Under this name is to describe and display material of the dissection of the guinea pig, rabbit and rat. Comparing systems and adaptations. Describing information and techniques anatomical dissection.

Not only will our physiological functions of the organs and systems. Anger work is mostly aimed at the physical anatomy of these animals.

Before delving into the anatomy of these animals will see some features why rodents and lagomorphs are defined as such.

• Lagomorpha: The order Lagomorpha is geologically old, as they have found fossilized bones and teeth in deposits of the Oligocene (65 million years ago, in the Cenozoic Era).

were formerly classified as rodents in the suborder Duplicidentata, until in 1912 it recognized the Order within the Subclass Lagomorpha eutherians.

includes rabbits, hares (Leporidae) and picas (Ocotónidos). Ntran are found worldwide, either as native or introduced species. There are 78 species.

These two groups differ mainly by the fact that they have two pairs of upper front teeth, continuous growth, instead of a pair, such as rodents. Most members of this order are distinguished also by their long ears and well-developed hind legs that allow them to run fast. Also associated with herbivorous habits.

Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) American Pica ( Ochotona princeps )

• Rodents: The first representatives of the order Rodentia is estimated that could have appeared in the late Cretaceous (100 million years).

The most common rodents are mice, rats, squirrels, Tamia, porcupines, beavers, hamsters, gerbils and guinea pigs. Most inhabit every continent except Antarctica, and today there are approximately 2,280 species, 42% of all mammals.

incisors have a couple of sharp, ongoing growth they use for gnawing, boring food, and bite predators. Many feed on seeds and plants. Some have more varied diets.

Rat (Rattus norvegicus ) Mouse (Mus musculus) Hamster (Mesocricetus auratus ) guinea pig (Cavia porcellus )

After seeing some general . Let's get into the anatomical aspects of this s animals.

Let's start with the dissection.

Place the animal supine. Influence of the chin to the anus avoiding external genitalia. Cut the skin from the medial aspects of the members. separate the skin from muscle pulling hard or cutting the connective tissue that unites them.

throughput of the sternum incise the ventral musculature, at the height of the xiphoid cartilage.

In the rabbit incident from the navel and cut caudal to cranial to the xiphoid cartilage.

Cut the rib and introduce a clip to flow and we cut medial to the abdominal cavity, using this as a guide to not damage any organ.